Astronaut

An astronaut is a daring explorer who travels beyond Earth to conduct research, perform experiments, and push the boundaries of human knowledge in space.

On this profession page, you will learn:

Who is astronaut

An astronaut is a person who travels to space to explore new horizons and perform various tasks. Every day, the astronaut prepares for the flight, undergoes training, studies experimental results, and familiarizes themselves with new technologies.Preparing for a space flight involves many stages. The astronaut undergoes physical training to strengthen their body and withstand the conditions of weightlessness. They familiarize themselves with the equipment that will be used during the mission and refine their skills in operating the spacecraft. During training, the astronaut learns to work in a team, as the success of the mission depends on the coordinated efforts of all crew members.During the space flight, the astronaut conducts numerous experiments that cannot be performed on Earth. They study the impact of invisible factors, such as radiation or microgravity, on plants, materials, and the human body. The astronaut carefully records all observations, as even the smallest details can be vital for science.The astronaut also engages in the repair and maintenance of equipment on the spacecraft. When malfunctions occur, they respond swiftly and take measures to correct the situation. This work is accompanied by tension, as even a minor mistake can lead to serious consequences.In addition to scientific work, the astronaut participates in communication with Earth. They exchange data with scientists, conduct video calls with people around the world, and share their impressions of space travel. This activity is not only interesting but also inspires young people to choose careers related to space.Upon returning to Earth, the astronaut analyzes the collected data. They assess the results of the experiments, discuss them with scientists, and may be involved in future projects. Each space flight not only brings new knowledge but also opens doors to new opportunities in space exploration.The astronaut is constantly learning and improving, as the world of science does not stand still. Life in space offers numerous experiences and challenges, where the astronaut becomes a pioneer in research beyond the boundaries of human understanding.

AI impact on astronaut

Low risk

AI replacement risk

25%

Routine data transcription, checklist logging, and basic telemetry monitoring during flights will shift to onboard AI systems that flag anomalies. Hands-on spacecraft piloting, emergency repair, and experiment setup in microgravity remain human tasks because physical presence and split-second judgment in unpredictable environments cannot be delegated. The astronaut transitions from an operator of consoles to an expedition leader who validates AI outputs, performs critical maintenance, and makes real-time safety decisions while representing national programs.

Tasks at risk of automation

telemetry logging
routine checklist execution
basic data transcription

Tasks that will remain human

spacecraft piloting
emergency repair
experiment setup in microgravity
safety decision-making

Key skills of astronaut

strength and endurance flexibility and coordination visual abilities ability to process information spatial intelligence creative thinking analytical thinking system thinking stress management adaptation to change

Work schedule and conditions

The astronaut's work schedule depends on specific tasks and missions, but it is usually quite demanding and requires significant physical and psychological stress. Astronauts work on a schedule that may include regular working hours as well as nighttime, weekend, and holiday work. The length of the workday can vary but is usually around 8-10 hours a day. However, during mission preparation or during missions themselves, the workday can last much longer, and rest can be limited. Astronauts typically work in specialized training centers or at space facilities, making remote work usually impossible. They work in high-risk conditions and may be involved in extreme situations, so they must be prepared for physical and psychological challenges. Additionally, they must adhere to strict safety regulations and medical requirements, undergo regular medical examinations, and maintain their health at a high level. It is also worth noting that the work of an astronaut involves a significant amount of travel, as training and mission launches may occur in different parts of the world.

What a astronaut does

Conducting space flights and operating spacecraft.
Conducting scientific experiments and research in space.
Technical maintenance and repair of space equipment.
Observing Earth and collecting data about it.
Participating in testing and training before flights.
Adhering to strict safety regulations during flights.
Representing the space industry of their country globally.

Benefits of the astronaut profession

Space Exploration

The opportunity to explore space, participate in scientific experiments.

Heroic Status

Status of a hero, recognition, and respect from society.

Physical and Mental Challenge

The opportunity to test your physical and mental abilities, to reach new heights.

Disadvantages of the astronaut profession

Physical load

High physical demands, health risks due to the absence of gravity.

Isolation

Long periods of isolation, psychological difficulties, limited space.

Risky situations

Potentially dangerous situations, risk to life due to technical malfunctions.

How to become a astronaut

Becoming an astronaut is one of the most selective career paths in the world, and there's no easy route. The UK takes part in the European Space Agency (ESA), so the realistic path is a strong science or engineering education, flying or technical experience and excellent health, followed by applying to ESA astronaut selections (or private spaceflight companies) when they open.

1. Science or engineering degree

A degree in a natural science or engineering subject is the baseline requirement for almost every astronaut programme, including ESA selection. It provides the knowledge without which later stages aren't possible.

2. Master's degree (space engineering)

A master's or doctorate in aerospace engineering, avionics or a related field improves your chances in selection and opens access to research and work across the space sector.

3. Military or pilot training

Experience as a military or commercial pilot (with the relevant flying licence) is traditionally valued in space programmes: it demonstrates handling complex machinery, working under pressure and making decisions, and is an alternative path to ESA selection.

4. Physical training and health

Candidates go through a rigorous medical selection, so excellent health, stamina and psychological resilience are essential. It's worth working on these systematically and well in advance.

5. Space industry placement or research

Working or interning at aerospace firms and research centres builds relevant experience and contacts. It's a realistic way to stay close to the space industry, even if astronaut selection is a distant goal.

Start with strong foundations: a technical or scientific education (aerospace engineering, physics, medicine), flying or engineering experience and consistent attention to fitness and health. Keep an eye on recruitment from ESA, the UK Space Agency's partners and private space companies — that's where the real opportunities open up.